Abstract The socio-economic-environmental performance indicators have proved to be an important tool for monitoring and deciding in the management of cities, aiming at a more sustainable urban development. ISO 37120 represents a milestone in the standardization of sustainability indicators, enabling the comparison between different locations. The purpose of this study is to apply ISO 37120 to Rio de Janeiro and to analize both this process and the city’s performance in the Latin American scenario. There was an extensive documentary research to calculate the indicators of Rio de Janeiro. The comparison was made among Latin American cities that already had applied the standard and was based on standardized core indicators grouped according to sustainability axes. The application of the standard revealed weaknesses in obtaining data for Rio de Janeiro and managed to identify the city’s strengths and weaknesses in comparison with the others.

Resumen Los indicadores de desempeño socioeconómico-ambiental son una herramienta importante para el monitoreo y la toma de decisiones en la gestión de las ciudades, con el objetivo de un desarrollo urbano más sostenible. ISO 37120 representa un hito en la estandarización de los indicadores de sostenibilidad, permitiendo la comparación entre ubicaciones. El objetivo de este estudio es aplicar ISO 37120 a Río de Janeiro y el análisis de este proceso y el desempeño del municipio en el escenario latinoamericano. Para calcular los indicadores de la ciudad, se realizó una extensa investigación documental. Se compararon las ciudades de Latinoamérica que ya habían adoptado la normativa y se basaron en los indicadores esenciales normalizados y agrupados según los ejes de sostenibilidad. La aplicación de la normativa, ha revelado debilidades en la obtención de datos para Río de Janeiro y logró identificar los puntos fuertes y débiles de la ciudad en relación con otras.

Resumo Os indicadores de desempenho socioeconômico-ambiental constituem uma importante ferramenta para o monitoramento e tomada de decisão na gestão das cidades, visando um desenvolvimento urbano mais sustentável. A ISO 37120 representa um marco na padronização dos indicadores de sustentabilidade, possibilitando a comparação entre diferentes localidades. O objetivo do presente estudo é a aplicação da ISO 37120 para o Rio de Janeiro e a análise tanto deste processo quanto do desempenho do município no cenário latino-americano. Para o cálculo dos indicadores da capital fluminense, foi realizada uma extensa pesquisa documental. A comparação se deu com cidades da América Latina que já haviam aplicado a norma e a partir dos indicadores essenciais normalizados e agrupados segundo os eixos da sustentabilidade. A aplicação da norma revelou fragilidades na obtenção de dados para o Rio de Janeiro e conseguiu identificar os pontos fortes e fracos da cidade em relação às demais.

In the present work, environmental impacts of building materials used in the construction of a housing project in the city of São Gonçalo, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, have been assessed through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology in order not only to assist the decision-making of private and public nature, but also to promote life cycle thinking in the construction industry. Based on the guidelines set by ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, the LCA methodology has been applied with available databases and SimaPro program. The results show a considerable consumption of non-renewable energy, intensification of global warming and toxicity to human health. Moreover, this study exposes a necessity of action on the chain of production of steel, cement and ceramic materials mainly. Ceramic materials usage is also a factor the must be observed in detail due its elevated consumption.

En el presente trabajo, los impactos ambientales de los materiales de construcción utilizados en la ejecución de un proyecto de vivienda en la ciudad de São Gonçalo, estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, se han evaluado a través de la metodología del Evaluación de Ciclo de Vida (ECV) con el fin de, no sólo ayudar a la toma de decisiones de carácter privado y público, sino también para promover el concepto de pensamiento ciclo de vida en la industria de la construcción. Teniendo como base las directrices de la normativa ISO 14040 e ISO 14044, la metodología del ACV se ha aplicado utilizando las bases de datos disponibles y el programa SimaPro. Los resultados muestran un consumo considerable de energía no renovable, la intensificación del calentamiento global y de la toxicidad para la salud humana. Por otra parte, este estudio expone la necesidad de la acción en la cadena de producción de acero, cemento y materiales cerámicos, principalmente. Utilización de materiales cerámicos también debe ser observada teniendo en cuenta su elevado consumo.

ABSTRACT: Explosives are widely used in extraction of ores, melts and fuels and in the safe and economical demolition of structures. These applications demonstrate the value of explosives to society and the reason why they are manufactured worldwide despite the hazard of their preparation. Hence, this paper focuses on the manufactory of the military explosive Hexogen (also known as RDX). The characteristics of the process are described by the analysis of a specify manufactory plant. The chosen analysis tool is the Hazard and Operability Study - HazOp. Historically, this methodology has been applied at chemical industries and is used in industrial process operability analysis. This study analyses seven critical nodes in the RDX manufacturing process, identifies several deviations, and causes and consequences. From these results, improvements in the units are suggested and actual conditions discussed. It is important to remark that this work is an initial approach to analysis of the manufacturing process of RDX using the HazOp methodology.

ABSTRACT: Like any other manufactured chemical compounds, explosives are produced using chemical reactants and other utilities (steam, heat, compressed air, feed water and electricity) and generate a set of environmental impacts (waste water, solid and water residue and waste heat, for example). On top of that, one can count the intrinsic hazard characteristic of explosives and the possibility of accidents involving these compounds. Within this framework, explosives present themselves as chemical compounds suitable for both LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) and LCA (Life Cycle Assessment). This LCI study takes into account all the raw materials, utilities and wastes taking place during the production process. In this particular article, lead azide has its processed mapped and inventoried under the scope of ISO 14040. ISO 14040:2006 describes the principles and framework for life cycle assessment (LCA), including: definition of the goal and scope of the LCA, the life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis phase, the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase, the life cycle interpretation phase, reporting and critical review of the LCA, limitations of the LCA, the relationship between the LCA phases and conditions for use of value choices and optional elements. The Lead azide was chosen due its singular explosive characteristics (very sensitive, which makes lead azide the explosive of choice as a primer in several applications. The results and conclusions of this study are drawn from the review of the process, its analysis, as well as from the application of life cycle inventory methods upon the manufactory of lead azide, a highly sensitive primer explosive, providing solid ground for the further studies, such as a full LCA assessment. Furthermore, for explosives, most LCA research works aims towards disposal, not addressing manufacturing, which is the main strength of this work.

A classificação de riscos é um problema reevante no contexto industrial, cuja complexidade é amplificada quando dados estatísticos não estão disponívieis. Este artigo propõe uma abordagem inédita para a classificação de Riscos Industriais, a qual é fundamentada na integração de uma ferramenta de Gerenciamento de Riscos (Matriz de Classificação de Riscos ) a um método de Auxílio Multicritério à Decisão (Método ELECTRE TRI). Apresenta-se também uma aplicação da proposta, cujos resultados indicam a viabilidade de aplicação da presente proposta, especialmente em situação onde dados históricos não estão acessíveis.

Risk classification is a relevant problem in industrial context. The complexity of this problem is magnified when statistical databases are not accessible. This work proposes an original approach to classify industrial risks, which is based on integration between a Risk Management tool (Risk Classification Matrix) and a Multiple Criteria Decision Aid method (ELECTRE TRI). In addition, this work presents a sample application of the proposed methodology. The results highlight the viability of the proposal, especially in situations where historical operational data are not accessible.